Messa was a large Portuguese company that produced and sold
mechanical typewriters for 60 countries, but electric
typewriters were dominating the market. It asked for the help
of the ENER team to design a next generation electronic
typewriter. In just over a year, the a very innovative machine
was developed, which was presented at the Hanover Fair in
April 1984.
Desk electronic typewriter
SOME TEAM MEMBERS: (from right to left) SÉRGIO D’ESPINAY,
EDUARDO SÁ MARTA, AND VIRIATO MARQUES
For the project to be economically viable orders of around 40
thousand typewriters per year were needed. The target was
largely exceeded as 200 thousand machines per year were
ordered. But Messa was a public company and needed support
from the Government to produce the new machine; the decision
was not taken and the company went bankrupt.
The machine was based on a daisy wheel, which is a plastic
wheel with many radial arms, each with an embossed letter. A
motor turns the daisy wheel to place in the upper position the
letter you want to print. A small hammer hits this arm, which
presses a ribbon with paint against the paper, printing the
letter.
Machine interior, black version
Machine interior, white version
The big challenge was to do this at high speed, using
components as cheap as possible. The big breakthrough achieved
was to use less precise motors, using carefully timed
electrical impulses to stabilize the daisy wheel, thus
allowing fast and stable writing on a cheap, very competitive
typewriter.